EFEKTIVITAS PROGRAM KELUARGA HARAPAN (PKH) DALAM PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DAN PENINGKATAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA MISKIN DI INDONESIA: LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

The Family Hope Program (Program Keluarga Harapan/PKH) is one of Indonesia’s main conditional cash transfer policies aimed at reducing poverty and improving the welfare of poor households through education, health, and social protection interventions. This study presents a literature review of more than 30 scholarly articles to examine the effectiveness of PKH in poverty alleviation and welfare improvement in Indonesia. The review analyzes empirical findings related to program implementation, targeting accuracy, behavioral changes among beneficiaries, and socioeconomic impacts. The results indicate that PKH contributes significantly to improving access to education and health services, increasing school attendance, and enhancing utilization of maternal and child health services. However, its effectiveness in achieving long-term poverty reduction remains limited due to challenges such as targeting inaccuracies, inconsistent data validation, variations in implementation quality, and weak integration with economic empowerment programs. Overall, PKH functions more effectively as a short-term social protection instrument rather than a permanent poverty exit strategy. Strengthening data systems, improving field-level implementation, and integrating PKH with productive economic programs are essential to enhance its long-term impact